Solar panels, also called photovoltaic (PV) modules, are critical components that convert natural sunlight into electricity. Over the years, various technologies have been developed to enhance their efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Among these, TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) solar cells stand out as a promising advancement in the field of solar energy.
Then, what are TOPCon solar cells and TOPCon solar panels? Should you opt for them for a more efficient solar system? Let’s discuss it and find out the answer in the following sections!
What is a TOPCon Solar Cell?
1. What Does TOPCon Mean in Solar?
TOPCon is among the latest solar cell technologies that augment the efficiency of photovoltaic modules. Introduced into the solar industry by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems in 2013, the TOPCon technology adopts a thin SiO2 layer between the silicon wafer and the poly-Si layer for lower charge carrier recombination.
Unlike PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact) cells, the structure improves electron flow and efficiency. With the SiO2 tunnel oxide layer, TOPCon solar panels attain higher efficiency due to better passivation and lower recombination losses. Moreover, the N-type silicon substrate in TOPCon cells tolerates impurities better and degrades slower than the P-type silicon in PERC cells.
2. What Is the Difference Between TOPCon and PERC Solar Panels?
TOPCon solar panels vary structurally and doping-wise from PERC panels.
PERC panels use a rear-side dielectric passivation layer for lower recombination for up to 24.5% efficiency.[1] However, TOPCon panels incorporate an additional ultra-thin oxide layer and a poly-Si layer to further decrease recombination and increase efficiency beyond 26%.[1] Unlike PERC, which uses boron-doped P-type silicon, TOPCon utilizes phosphorus-doped N-type silicon for better electron mobility and less degradation over time.
The manufacturing process for TOPCon is also more unconventional yet compatible with existing PERC production lines. Some adjustments are needed to take full advantage of the existing production line. Hence, it allows manufacturers to adopt TOPCon technology without massive capital investment for a practical upgrade path from PERC to TOPCon.
3. What Are the Advantages of TOPCon Solar Cells/Panels?
TOPCon solar panels offer advantages over PERC panels.
Firstly, they achieve higher efficiency levels due to reduced recombination losses from the tunnel oxide layer. Secondly, TOPCon panels show lower degradation rates for higher performance over their lives. Thanks to the N-type silicon substrate, it is less susceptible to impurities and LID.
Additionally, TOPCon panels are better in extreme weather because of their lower temperature coefficient, which means less efficiency loss at higher temperatures. They also have a higher bifaciality factor (85%) for more energy generation from the rear side.
Further, you can expect that TOPCon solar panels work well in low-light conditions to extend the daily energy generation period for greater system performance.
4. What Are the Disadvantages of TOPCon Solar Cells/Panels?
Yet, TOPCon solar panels have some disadvantages. One of them is the increased use of silver in manufacturing. TOPCon panels require silver paste on both sides of the cells. It results in higher production costs than for PERC panels.
Also, the manufacturing process for TOPCon cells encompasses more complex steps, including applying the tunnel oxide layer and precise doping techniques. All these factors render TOPCon panels a more expensive solution.
TOPCon vs. Mono-PERC Production Impact
In the comparison of TOPCon vs. mono-PERC solar panel manufacturing, there are different technological differences and ramifications. Despite PERC-like equipment requirements, TOPCon manufacture is a more challenging process. Besides, TOPCon solar cells can come with a higher price, as they require additional silver paste on both cell surfaces.
However, TOPCon solar panels prove their value with improved performance. They outperform PERC alternatives with a higher efficiency in high-temperature situations and a reduced temperature coefficient. Additionally, they have a higher bifaciality factor for better bifacial module energy output.
Their superior efficiency and lower degradation potential make them an excellent choice for versatile applications. Generally, the performance rank goes like this: mono-crystalline solar panels, mono-PERC solar panels, and TOPCon solar panels. But again, you should double-check the performance specifications of the product you choose.
TOPCon Solar Panel Recommendation
With all those pros and cons, TOPCon solar modules are still a sound investment choice if you find the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Then, let’s have SUNWAY N Type TOPcon 144 Cells 565W-585W as an example to see what features a top-rated TOPCon panel has.
- High Efficiency: This solar module utilizes advanced N-Type TOPCon technology with 144 high-performance cells, delivering a power output between 565W and 585W and boasting an impressive efficiency rate of 22.65%.
- Wide Application Scenarios: It guarantees excellent low-light performance and is durable enough to withstand harsh environments. For instance, it can withstand a maximum static load of 5400Pa on the front (such as from snow and wind) and 2400Pa on the back (such as from wind).
- Long-term Reliability: The top quality comes with a guaranteed warranty. Sunway offers its clients a 12-year product warranty and a 30-year linear power output warranty, implying their confidence in the panel’s long-term performance and energy production.
Conclusion
Different solar cell technologies can emerge to improve solar panel performance with reduced costs. TOPCon solar cell technology is a promising one that makes TOPCon solar panels a versatile choice.
Still, the best solar panel for your project depends on more considerations. If you find it thought-consuming, you may turn to a professional solar product manufacturer and supplier for helpful advice. Contact Sunway if you need professional ideas. This solar brand offers one-stop solar solutions that integrate industry-leading products, and has global business coverage that can ease your project burden.
Reference Link:
[1] Solar Magazine/ 2023, “TOPCon Solar Cells: The New PV Module Technology in the Solar Industry”. Available at: https://solarmagazine.com/solar-panels/topcon-solar-cells/ (Accessed on August 15, 2024)